Heart murmur

Many patients become worried when they first hear the term “heart murmur.” It sounds alarming, but in most cases, it is not a diagnosis of heart disease—it is simply a sound your doctor hears while listening to your heart with a stethoscope.

What Is a Heart Murmur?

A heart murmur is an extra sound in the heartbeat cycle, often described as a whooshing or swishing noise. It is caused by blood flowing through the heart or heart valves in a way that creates audible vibrations. Murmurs can appear at any age and may be temporary or lifelong.

There are two main types:

• Innocent (or functional) murmurs – These are harmless, very common, and especially seen in children, young adults, pregnant women, or people with fever or anemia. The heart is structurally normal, and no treatment is needed.

• Pathological (or abnormal) murmurs – These may be linked to an underlying heart condition, such as valve disease (stenosis or regurgitation), congenital heart defects, or infections like endocarditis.

Do All Murmurs Require Tests?

Not necessarily. If your doctor believes the murmur is innocent based on your history and physical exam, you may not need any further evaluation. However, an echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) is often recommended when:

• The murmur sounds suspicious for valve disease

• You have symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting, or palpitations

• There is a family history of heart disease

• The murmur is newly discovered in adulthood

What Symptoms Should You Watch For?

Contact your doctor if you experience:

• Shortness of breath, especially during activity

• Chest discomfort

• Dizziness or fainting

• Unexplained swelling of legs or abdomen

• Rapid or irregular heartbeat

The Bottom Line

A heart murmur is not always dangerous, and many people live completely normal lives with one. The key is determining whether it is innocent or related to a cardiac condition. A cardiology evaluation gives clarity, reassurance, and—when needed—the right treatment at the right time.

Your heart has a story—sometimes we just need to listen a little closer.